Modulating The Epigenetic Clock, Senolytic Therapies for Human Longevity: Age Tissue Regeneration, Synergistic Effect of Nad+ Precursors and Telomerase, Human Age Enhancement

Abstract

The human aging process can be characterized by progressive cellular degeneration, mitochondria malfunctioning, inflammatory responses, epigenetics modifications, and loss of tissue regenerative ability. The recent progress made in the field of longevity has revealed several promising treatment opportunities for prolonging a healthy lifespan in humans through epigenetics regulation, senolytics application, NAD+ precursors' intake, telomerase activation, and regenerative treatments. This review considers evidence from human studies about the impact of DNA methylation, cell senescence elimination, mitochondria recovery, enhanced immunity, tissue renewal, and cognitive reserve increase in human aging biology. According to findings based on human research, interventions involving senolytic compounds, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), and telomerase-linked regenerative treatment have the ability to contribute to improved metabolism, vascular functions, immunological resilience, and cognitive efficiency while reducing inflammatory processes and decreasing the number of senescent cells in a human body. In addition, comprehensive longevity approaches consisting of the mentioned interventions seem to possess combined benefits in terms of human longevity improvement. However, there are certain drawbacks that must be addressed when applying these interventions into clinical practice; namely, small sample sizes used in studies, lack of long-term safety testing, ethical issues, and inadequate biomarkers. Future directions in the research are discussed.